Health hazards of ct scan

Introduction:

Computed tomography (CT) scan is a medical imaging procedure that uses X-rays and computer processing to create detailed images of the body's structures. It is a commonly used diagnostic tool for various medical conditions, as it provides clear and accurate images of internal organs, bones, and tissues. However, like any other medical procedure, CT scan poses certain health hazards that patients and healthcare professionals should be aware of.

According to the National Cancer Institute, CT scan is responsible for over 60 million medical procedures each year in the United States alone. While it is generally considered a safe and effective imaging technique, it is important to understand and weigh the potential risks associated with this procedure.

Radiation Exposure

The primary concern with CT scan is the exposure to radiation. Unlike other imaging techniques such as ultrasound or MRI, CT scan uses X-rays, which emit ionizing radiation. This type of radiation has the ability to damage the DNA in cells, which can lead to mutations and potentially cancer. The amount of radiation emitted during a CT scan is relatively low, but the risk increases with multiple scans. Children and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of radiation, making it crucial to limit their exposure to CT scans.

Contrast Agents

Another potential health hazard of CT scan is the use of contrast agents. These are substances that are injected into the body to enhance the visibility of certain structures in the images. While they are generally safe, they can cause allergic reactions in some individuals. In rare cases, these agents can also lead to kidney damage, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney conditions.

Risk of Cancer

The use of CT scan has been linked to an increased risk of cancer. A study published in the British Medical Journal found that individuals who underwent multiple CT scans had a higher risk of developing cancer, particularly brain and blood cancers. The risk was more significant in children, as their developing cells are more susceptible to radiation damage.

Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment

One of the lesser-known hazards of CT scan is the potential for overdiagnosis and overtreatment. As CT scan can detect even small abnormalities, it may lead to the identification of conditions that may not cause any symptoms or harm to the patient. This can result in unnecessary and potentially harmful treatments, such as surgery or radiation therapy.

Precautions to Minimize Risks

While the potential health hazards of CT scan are concerning, it is important to note that these risks can be minimized through proper precautions. Healthcare professionals should adhere to the principle of ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) to limit the radiation dose during the procedure. Patients should also be advised to limit their exposure to unnecessary CT scans, especially children and pregnant women. Alternative imaging techniques, such as ultrasound or MRI, can be used when possible.

Conclusion

In conclusion, CT scan is a valuable imaging tool in diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions. However, it is crucial to understand the potential health hazards associated with this procedure. Patients and healthcare professionals should weigh the risks and benefits and take necessary precautions to minimize any potential harm. Alternative imaging techniques should be considered when possible to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure.

By The Editorial Team, Greenhealth Solutions

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Sources:

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2. 'CT Scan.' RadiologyInfo.org, Radiological Society of North America, 10 Sept. 2020, www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=ct.

3. 'Medical Radiation Exposure of Patients in the United States.' Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 30 Apr. 2019, www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/radiation-emitting-products-and-procedures/medical-x-ray-imaging.

4. Berrington de González, Amy, et al. 'Association between Computed Tomography Imaging and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.' BMJ, vol. 346, 29 May 2013, doi:10.1136/bmj.f2360.

5. 'Computed Tomography (CT) - Risks.' Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School, 1 Apr. 2018, www.health.harvard.edu/cancer/computed-tomography-ct-risks.